Morphine stimulates the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system, especially its centers in the brain and spinal cord. This causes severe spasms of smooth muscles, especially sphincters, slowing of the heart rate and miosis.
The raw material from which morphine is obtained is opium. This is dried juice from unripe poppies. Opium contains two groups of alkaloids: one, like morphine, with a narcotic effect, and the other, with an antispasmodic effect on smooth muscles (unlike morphine). Cross-tolerance develops with prolonged use or abuse of opioids. The effectiveness of the analgesic and euphoric effects decreases rapidly, and the depressive effect on the respiratory center is slightly weakened. There is no tolerance for the spastic effects of morphine, which is why we see chronic constipation in drug addicts. Pin-shaped pupils do not change as a result of the development of tolerance. Morphine tolerance develops after 3 weeks.
Morphine causes psychophysical dependence (severe psychological dependence, rapid development of physical dependence). After abrupt discontinuation of the drug or the use of a pharmacological antagonist, symptoms appear: dysphoria, lacrimation, runny nose, insomnia (with simultaneous constant yawning), sweating, high blood pressure, tremor, painful intestinal cramps, delusional states, convulsions. Withdrawal syndrome can be a cause of death due to myocardial infarction and respiratory failure.
Symptoms appear as early as 8-12 hours after the last dose of morphine is administered and reach their maximum severity after 48-72 hours.
Nervous system: fear, hyperactivity, insomnia, need for opioids.
Cardiovascular system: increased blood pressure and heart rate.
Gastrointestinal tract: abdominal cramp, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
Eyes: mydriasis.
Others: muscle rigidity, muscle tremor.
Among the alkaloids of the first group, in addition to morphine, codeine (Codeinum Phosphoricum) has also found medicinal use. From the second group of alkaloids, papaverine hydrochloride has such an application.
Pethidine is an analgesic synthetic agent that is chemically different from morphine and 10 times less narcotic. All "opiates", i.e. morphine and its derivatives, as well as opium and its drugs, are addictive and can be the cause of drug addiction. Toxic doses cause narcotic sleep and have an inhibitory and then damaging effect on subcortical centers, primarily on the respiratory system.
Special sensitivity in children and the elderly.
Symptoms of poisoning.
The first symptom of poisoning (for those who are not used to it even after therapeutic doses) may be vomiting, redness of the face, and a feeling of heat. At the same time, there is pupil constriction, a slowing of the heart rate, and soon drowsiness, which after toxic doses - orally for an hour and after injection for 10-15 minutes - turns into a deepening narcotic sleep with slow and shallow breathing, which becomes irregular as the coma deepens and eventually stops. In a coma, the skin is pale, dry and cold. Blood pressure is lowered.
First aid
Immediately after consumption and in case of poisoning, people use: activated charcoal in an aqueous solution, provoke vomiting (even with parenteral intoxication, because morphine is released into the stomach), laxatives, Glauber's salt. Жители Армавира скачат мелбет , чтобы иметь под рукой календарь и краткие обзоры игр. Телефон горячей линии: 8 (800) 777-12-34.